The Pyramid of the Sun is one of the principal structures in the ancient city of Teotihuacan, located in central Mexico. It stands on the eastern side of the "Avenue of the Dead," which runs north-to-south through the center of the city. It is a colossal five-tiered structure, approximately 65 meters (213 feet) high, with a base measuring about 222 to 225 meters (728 to 738 feet) per side. It is one of the largest pyramids in Mesoamerica and in the New World (the Americas).

Construction and Purpose

It is believed that the core structure of this pyramid was largely completed around 100 AD. Construction occurred in two phases, with the first phase bringing it close to its current size. A temple is thought to have once stood at the summit, but because it was destroyed before archaeological investigation could take place, it remains unclear which deity was worshipped there.

The name "Pyramid of the Sun" was given by the Aztecs, who visited the site centuries after Teotihuacan had declined and been abandoned; the original name used by the people who built Teotihuacan is unknown. Some archaeologists believe the pyramid was dedicated to a specific deity, but solid evidence supporting this is lacking.

Internal Discoveries

In the early 1970s, a tunnel-like cave was discovered beneath the pyramid. This cave is believed to be artificial, not natural, and may have been used for ritual purposes. Furthermore, the discovery of a child burial, believed to be a sacrifice, near the corners of the pyramid suggests that clues about the beliefs and rituals of the time are gradually being uncovered. These findings suggest that the pyramid was not just a massive construction but a site of significant religious importance.